modern slavery statistics uk

This only shows the top-level stages of the legal process in the UK. Law enforcement agencies are responsible for investigating modern slavery offences and referring cases to the CPS for advice and charging decisions. This represents an increase from 31% to 57% of all referrals (Figure 2). The data can be used to monitor the level and outcome of cases going through the criminal justice process. A useful source of data is police recorded crime, which has been badged as a legal and awareness indicator. “Various” and “unknown” exploitation types have been excluded. Other aspects of those countries are used to build a statistical model that identifies correlations between various risk factors and the estimated prevalence of modern slavery. Trends in the data may not reflect underlying changes in prevalence and may be related to changes in awareness and identification of potential victims. Victims are often hidden away, may be unable to leave their situation, or may not come forward because of fear or shame. For more information on police recorded crime data, and the legal pathway for modern slavery crimes in the UK, see Quality and methodology. The method used data from a small number of countries (not including the UK) to estimate prevalence for a wider range of countries. There is also a possibility that car washes may be double counted within the entries, as many users could complete an entry on the same location. These have not been included in the data in this article. In the year ending March 2019, 44 females entered the support service provided by TARA (Table 47), a 42% increase compared with the previous year. The term “potential victim”, used by the Modern Slavery Helpline, is given to an individual when there is evidence that indicates there is a potential victim of modern slavery through the information provided by the contact or caller. “All other reasons” includes conflict of evidence or an essential legal element missing. When a defendant has been found guilty of two or more offences, the offence with the heaviest penalty is imposed and classified as the principal offence. Additionally, some data sources do not cover all countries of the UK, and therefore data are presented separately and cannot be combined. They also give an indication of the profile of victims who seek support as well as the type of exploitation experienced. Data contained in this article only include police forces that submit data to the Home Office Data Hub and therefore exclude Humberside, South Yorkshire, Kent and Wiltshire. For more information, see Previous methodologies section in Quality and methodology. repatriation (help to return to their own country). In cases of modern slavery, the CPS will provide early advice on lines of inquiry and evidential requirements to assist law enforcement. Specific charities across the UK are contracted to provide support to potential victims of modern slavery through the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) process. They do not include those not identified or referred (see Duty to notify for more information). Additionally, the data only provide the number of detected potential victims who have given consent to enter the NRM. The NRM was introduced in 2009 as a framework for identifying and referring potential victims of modern slavery and human trafficking in the UK. For example: the Modern Slavery Helpline received a 68% increase in calls and submissions in the year ending December 2018, compared with the previous year, there were 5,144 modern slavery offences recorded by the police in England and Wales in the year ending March 2019, an increase of 51% from the previous year, the number of potential victims referred through the UK National Referral Mechanism (NRM) increased by 36% to 6,985 in the year ending December 2018. The term “potential victim awaiting conclusive grounds decision” is given to an individual when there is evidence that indicates they are a victim of modern slavery, but are yet to receive a conclusive grounds decision from the SCA that confirms whether they are a victim as part of the NRM process. In the year ending March 2019, 84% of defendants were male and 16% were female (Figure 6, Table 28). Modern slavery 'in every UK town and city' More than 1,300 cases were last summer to the National Referral Mechanism, which identifies and supports victims, compared with … However, they are only a partial picture as many cases remain hidden and not reported or may be recorded as other offences. Child victims are victims of child abuse and should therefore be treated as such using existing child protection procedures and statutory protocols. Data where the sex of the defendant was unknown have been removed. In the year ending March 2019, there was a 51% rise in the number of modern slavery offences being recorded by the police compared with the previous year. The helpline receives calls and reports about both UK and international cases. The NRM has been badged under all three measures (legal, support and awareness). The term “potential victim” is given to an individual following referral into the NRM and prior to a reasonable grounds decision. Some cases that were reported before 2015 are still ongoing so will be recorded against these previous offence codes. Investigators and prosecutors will often work with authorities in other countries to obtain evidence or to prosecute all defendants together in one country. Police forces can use these figures to track the number of reported offences geographically, which can inform task forces and investigations. As the total number of car washes is unknown, it is not possible to determine the percentage of UK car washes where it has been indicated that there is a high likelihood of modern slavery taking place. 3. Recent changes in the categorisation of exploitation types mean that the exploitation types presented here will not align with categories in future publications. This could be because of the visibility of labour exploitation or a greater awareness caused by the media. The offences with records are “Immoral traffic” and “Slavery or forced labour”. This suggests the public may not report labour exploitation. Here are some modern day slavery statistics that you probably didn’t know about. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is the principal prosecuting authority in England and Wales, acting independently in criminal cases investigated by the police and others. MoJ data in this article refer to all modern slavery offences, regardless of whether it was the principal offence. Data from the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) are not designated as National Statistics. In the year ending December 2018, 79% of individuals received a positive reasonable grounds decision (Figure 3, Tables 1 and 7). For example, the data collection method used at the time no longer exists. In contrast, 63% of females who were referred in the year ending December 2018 were potential victims of sexual exploitation compared with 5% of males (Table 3). However, they provide a better understanding of the nature of the crime in the UK than is possible from any data source individually. Don’t include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. Support for adult victims in Northern Ireland is provided by two organisations, Migrant Help and Women’s Aid, which are contracted by the Northern Ireland Department of Justice. The flag is applied from the time the case is referred to the CPS and remains in place even if those alleged offences or charges are subsequently amended, not charged or dropped. Data on modern slavery cases that come to the attention of the police provide valuable information. The hidden nature of modern slavery makes producing an accurate prevalence measure difficult. It is a legal requirement that requires specific public bodies to report all adults who are potential victims of modern slavery in England and Wales. Because of complexities in the way the data are collected (for example, potential double counting of victims), the duty to notify data should be interpreted with caution. These proportions are similar to police recorded crime data on victims in England and Wales in the year ending March 2019 (58% and 42% respectively, Table 23). More information on police recorded crime in England and Wales can be found in our user guide. Data are collected through manual investigation and submissions made by organisations and members of the public. This statement must explain the steps they are taking, or whether they are not taking any steps, to ensure that modern slavery is not taking place in their operations and supply chains. This means any prediction rests on the assumption that the risk factors and predictions can be reasonably extrapolated to countries quite different from those in the original sample. The Global Slavery Index estimates that there were 136,000 people living in modern slavery in the United Kingdom (UK) on any given day in 2016, reflecting a prevalence rate of 2.1 victims for every thousand people in the country. This article explores the issue and brings together data sources linked to modern slavery from a range of organisations. These figures are designated as Experimental Statistics to highlight that they are based on an emerging collection. The status of crimes may change, and some may not be present in the aggregated database because of administration discrepancies. The hidden nature of modern slavery makes producing an accurate measure of prevalence difficult. The CPS may have also advised the police to charge but the suspect was not charged because they could not be located, where the suspect has died or where the case has been returned to the police and the police decide to take no further action. Modern slavery crimes may involve, or take place alongside, a wide range of abuses and other criminal offences such as grievous bodily harm, assault, rape or child sexual abuse. Potential victims identified in each source may be present in more than one of the data sources included in this article. TISC report provide a platform that is a data register that monitors supply chains and compliance statements published under section 54 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015. This suggests that around 75% of UK registered companies have engaged with the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and produced a statement at some point. 2 Statistics from the ILO (the International Labour Organisation, the … The most common are: 1. For various reasons (for example, data quality, model assumptions and the intrinsic variability of the multiple systems method used), there is considerable uncertainty in the estimates produced by the model. Because of its hidden nature, producing an accurate measure of prevalence is difficult. The level of control and coercion perpetrators of modern slavery have over their victims is often strong but hidden. The data include offences where there has been no police involvement, such as those prosecutions instigated by government departments, private organisations and individuals. For more information on the criminal justice system, and the legal pathway for modern slavery crimes in the UK, see Quality and methodology. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Specifically, referrals for victims of labour exploitation have increased the most in volume, from 222 referrals in the year ending December 2010 to 3,990 referrals in the year ending December 2018. Child victims are victims of child abuse and should therefore be treated as such using existing child protection procedures and statutory protocols. The Home Office has published a typology of modern slavery offences, which breaks these exploitation types down further. Slaves on our streets: beatings, torture and enforced labour – three shocking convictions for modern slavery in the UK. A spectrum of exploitation could be present within these businesses, not all of which may be classed as modern slavery, including poor health and safety conditions and excessive working hours.1. Additional data providing the proportion of calls detected by first responders would be beneficial to understand whether additional training is needed for first responders. These both contributed to almost three-quarters of all modern slavery offences, which is relatively similar to the previous year (74%, Table 21). While the data and method used to estimate the number of victims were the best available at the time, we currently recommend that the method should not be repeated. Those challenges arise primarily in relation to the evidence of victims who are frequently vulnerable. For more information on the NRM process, see Quality and methodology.

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