leopold i holy roman

Leopold remained influenced by the Jesuits and his education throughout his life, and was uncommonly knowledgeable for a monarch about theology, metaphysics, jurisprudence and the sciences. On 12 September 1683, the allied army fell upon the enemy, who was completely routed, and Vienna was saved. A deeply religious and devoted person, Leopold personified the pietas Austriaca, or the loyally Catholic attitude of his House. He was feeble and childless, and attempts had been made by the European powers to arrange for a peaceable division of his extensive kingdom. A more dangerous foe next entered the lists. He received a careful education by excellent teachers, among whom the cultured count Johann Ferdinand Portia was the leading personality. The king of Spain, Charles II, was a Habsburg by descent and was related by marriage to the Austrian branch, while a similar tie bound him to the royal house of France. He married Margaret Theresa of Spain (1651-1673) 1666. There could be no question for Emperor Leopold that the Spanish heritage had to be defended by force of arms. Leopold I was born on June 9, 1640, as Prince Leopold in Vienna, in today’s Austria. Elected in 1658, Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705, becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor (46 years and 9 months). A member of the Habsburg family, he was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain . Leopold I Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire was born on month day 1640, at birth place, to FERDINAND III Holy Roman Emperor and Holy Roman Emperor (born Infanta of Spain). Please Like other favourites! Leopold I was the king of Hungary, Austria, Croatia, Bohemia, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1865 to 1705.. The Holy Roman emperor Leopold I immediately rejected these proposals. Born in Portici, in Campania, the site of the summer palace of her parents, King Charles, King of Naples and Sicily and Maria Amalia of Saxony. Elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1658, Leopold would rule as such until his death in 1705. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. They fled as supposedly Hungarian rebel troops under the command of Imre Thököly, cooperating with the Turks, and sacked the city of Bielsko-Bia?a in 1682. FERDINAND was born on July 13 1608, in Graz, Austria. In 1657, Leopold expanded this alliance to include Austrian troops (paid by Poland). Wikipedia Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. It can however be argued that the imperial intervention saved the Netherlands from a complete French invasion. Leopold I (name in full: Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; Hungarian: I. Lipót; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. In 1687, the Hungarian diet in Bratislava (called Pressburg at that time) changed the constitution, the right of the Habsburgs to succeed to the throne without election was admitted and the emperor's elder son Joseph I was crowned hereditary king of Hungary. In July 1658, more than a year after his father's death, Leopold was elected Emperor at Frankfurt in spite of the French minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who sought to put the Imperial Crown on the head of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, or some other non-Habsburg prince. In person, he was short, but strong and healthy. He was followed by Wenzel Eusebius Lobkowicz. Their opposition had been a serious problem all the time, and Leopold, who usually showed clemency, took a firm stand for once, refusing to recall the cruel sentences after the so-called Nobles’ Plot. When the final climactic conflict of his reign, the War of the Spanish Succession, was proceeding badly, Louis offered to relinquish all the gains he had made from the Spanish inheritance; but he desperately hoped to hold on to… Throughout his long reign, he was compelled to defend the extensive Habsburg dominions against foreign aggression. He was also a … The daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and the elder full-sister of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. Sitter in 1 portrait. This beautiful girl, the representation of merry childhood, was married at fifteen. Leopold was schooled in the classics, history, literature, natural science and astronomy, and was particularly interested in music, having inherited his father's musical talents. An imperial army was summoned, and from the time of their repulse at Vienna the Turks were gradually forced into the defensive, especially after the military genius of Prince Eugene of Savoy appeared on the scene in 1696. From the outset the Spanish succession formed the central aim of his politics. If they inspire you please support our work. Short, thin, and of sickly constitution, Leopold was cold and reserved in public, and socially awkward. At this time, twenty-five years after the Peace of Westphalia, the Empire was virtually a confederation of independent princes, and it was very difficult for its head to conduct any war with vigor and success, some of its members being in alliance with the enemy and others being only lukewarm in their support of the imperial interests. He grew to manhood without the military ambition that characterized most of his fellow monarchs. To this treaty, Leopold refused to assent, as he considered that his allies had somewhat neglected his interests, but in the following month he came to terms and a number of places were transferred from France to Germany. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor was born 9 June 1640 in Vienna, Austria to Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1608-1657) and Maria Anna Margarita of Spain (1606-1646) and died 5 May 1705 in Vienna, Austria of unspecified causes. However, he is also said to have been open with close associates. Author of. In 1663 the imperial diet entered upon the last stage of its existence, and became a body permanently in session at Regensburg. He recovered, however, and in 1673 married Claudia Felicitas from the Tirolian branch of the Austrian Habsburgs. These changes would allow Leopold to initiate necessary political and institutional reforms during his reign to develop somewhat of an absolutist state along French lines. On the other hand, councillors who had convinced the Emperor of their sincerity and honesty found excellent chances for a court career, even if they were middle class, like the Austrian court chancellor Johann Paul Hocher. In 1692, Leopold gave up his rights to the property and he gave his rights to the property by a donation to Theresia Keglevi?. The Emperor was accused of a wavering attitude and lack of initiative, and these character traits were indeed partly responsible for the failure of his policies. The latter's dominant personality and power completely overshadowed Leopold, even to this day, but though Leopold did not lead his troops in person as Louis XIV did, he was no less a warrior-king given the greater part of his public life was directed towards the arrangement and prosecution of wars. Leopold I (name in full: Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; Hungarian: I. Lipót; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was a Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia. Professor, Institute of Austrian History Research, University of Vienna. In 1681, after another rising, some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted, but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again. In 1686 the League of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes, to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen. The net result of these and similar changes was to weaken the authority of the emperor over the members of the Empire and to compel him to rely more and more upon his position as ruler of the Austrian archduchies and of Hungary and Bohemia. Leopold I (name in full: Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; I.; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Before the conclusion of the war, however, Leopold had taken measures to strengthen his hold upon this country. In May 1689, the Grand Alliance was formed, including the emperor, the kings of England, Spain and Denmark, the elector of Brandenburg and others, and a fierce struggle against France was waged throughout almost the whole of western Europe. In 1655 the Lower Austrian estates did homage, and he was elected and crowned king of Hungary, the Bohemian coronation following in 1656. By a personal appeal to the diet at Regensburg Leopold induced the princes to send assistance for the campaign; troops were also sent by France, and in August 1664, the great Imperial general Raimondo Montecuccoli gained a notable victory at Saint Gotthard. In the middle of the War of the Spanish Succession (q.v. The emperor himself defined the guidelines of the politics. He became fluent in several languages: Latin, Italian, German, French, and Spanish. When his elder brother, Ferdinand IV, died quite unexpectedly (July 9, 1654), Leopold suddenly found himself heir apparent to the Austrian Habsburg lands. Realizing the gravity of the situation somewhat tardily, some of the German princes, among them the electors of Saxony and Bavaria, led their contingents to the Imperial Army, which was commanded by the emperor's brother-in-law, Charles, duke of Lorraine, but the most redoubtable of Leopold's allies was the king of Poland, John Sobieski, who was already dreaded by the Turks. On the other hand, his piety and education may have caused in him a fatalistic strain which inclined him to reject all compromise on denominational questions, not always a positive characteristic in a ruler. He was buried in the Habsburg mausoleum of the Capuchins at Vienna. The whole European position was now bound up with events in England, and the tension lasted until 1688, when William III of Orange won the English crown through the Glorious Revolution and Louis invaded Germany.

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