ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor

Born in Graz in Styria on July 9, 1578, Ferdinand of Hapsburg was the son of Archduke Charles of inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from … He attempted to revive imperial authority in Germany and to restore Catholicism in his domain. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ferdinand III (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from February 15, 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. Wallenstein was able to recruit some 30,000 men (later expanded up to 100,000), with whom he was able to defeat the Protestants in Silesia, Anhalt and Denmark. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria. The leadership of the war thenceforth passed to Tilly, who was however unable to stop the Swedish march from northern Germany towards Austria. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of … Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]—died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617–19, 1620–27), and king of Hungary (1618–25). He was the son of Charles II, … Ferdinand II (1578-1637) was Holy Roman emperor from 1619 to 1637. Upon the death of his father on February 15, 1637, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III.. Mairiage tae Maria Anna o Austrick. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, king of Bohemia and Royal Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death in 1564. Following the death of Wallenstein (… Though elected Holy Roman emperor on August 28, 1619, Ferdinand was able to maintain himself only with support from Spain, Poland, and various German princes. Following the death of Wallenstein (… After his victory over the Swedes (September 1634) at Nördlingen, Ferdinand reached a compromise with the Protestant princes in the Peace of Prague (1635) and, in 1636, succeeded in having his son Ferdinand elected king of the Romans (successor-designate to the emperor). In 1600 he married Maria Anna of Bavaria, who bore him four children. During the first decade of the Thirty Years’ War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinate’s electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. Educated by the Jesuits, he became King of Hungary in 1625, King of Bohemiain 1627 and Archduke of Austria in 1621. The victorious advance of the Swedish army, however, made the emperor recall Wallenstein. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Additionally, Ferdinand was an absolutist monarch and infringed several historical privileges of the nobles. Ferdinand ascended the throne at the beginning of the last decade of the Thirty Years' War and introduced lenient policies to depart from old ideas of divine rights under his father, as he had wished to end the war quickly. Soon, some of Ferdinand's allies began to complain about the excessive power exercised by Wallenstein, as well as the ruthless methods he used to finance his vast army. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He did not wish to uphold the religious liberties granted by the Letter of Majesty conceded, signed by the previous emperor, Rudolph II, which had guaranteed the freedom of religion to the nobles and the inhabitants of the cities. Ferdinand II was a member of the House of Habsburg and served as the Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), the king of Bohemia (1617–1619 and 1620–1637), and the king of Hungary (1618–1637). Omissions? He confiscated the estates of the rebel magnates, reduced the Diet to impotence by a new constituent ordinance (1627), and forcibly catholicized Bohemia. The Protestants of Upper and Lower Austria were subjected to compulsory conversion. Former Director, Upper Austrian Provincial Archives, Linz. Shortly afterwards, he began the suppression of Protestantism in his territories. Also, he often served as Charles' representative in Germany and developed encouraging relationships with German princes. Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his eld Ferdinand died in 1637, leaving to his son Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, an empire still engulfed in a war and whose fortunes seemed to be increasingly chaotic. 167. Corrections? Therefore, after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, King of Bohemia and of Hungary, at the battle of Mohács on 29 August 1526, Fer… Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576), a member of the Austrian House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death. In order to muster an imperial army to continue the war, he applied to Albrecht von Wallenstein, one of the richest men in Bohemia: the latter accepted on condition that he could keep total control over the direction of the war, as well as over the booties taken during the operations. Ferdinand: 22 November 1529 – 13 July 1530 Died in infancy. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II - 1619-1637 Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). A good-natured, benevolent, affable monarch, he was imbued with the belief in the splendour of the imperial crown and the greatness of his dynasty. They had seven children: Archduchess Christine (25 May 1601 – 12/21 June 1601)Archduke Charles (25 May 1603)Archduke John-Charles (1 November 1605 – 26 December 1619)Ferdinand III (13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) married:1631 Infanta Maria Anna of Spain1648 Maria Leopoldine of Austria1651 Eleanor Gonzaga (1630–1686)Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (13 January 1610 – 25 September 1665)Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (16 July 1611 – 24 March 1644), who married her cousin W?adys?aw IV Vasa, King of Poland.Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1614–1662). A person of moderate talents and willpower, he nevertheless exerted a strong influence on the events of his time by his strict and uncompromising religious policy. I was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558 king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526 and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death. In the prime of his life Ferdinand was described as a blue-eyed, somewhat corpulent, middle-sized man who wore Spanish court dress. His heart was interred in the Herzgruft (heart crypt) of the Augustinian Church, Vienna. Later Ferdinand secured approval from the Habsburg rulers of Spain to succeed the childless Matthias. Yet in the face of the shifting fortunes of war, he showed much steadfastness, although he often lacked political agility. Ferdinand was born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, the second son of Queen Joanna I of Castile from the House of Trastámara (herself the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon) and Habsburg Archduke Philip the Handsome, who was heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Empe… Educated by the Jesuits, he became King of Hungary in 1625, King of Bohemiain 1627 and Archduke of Austria in 1621. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austria’s indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the country’s national integration. From 1590 to 1595 he was educated at the University of Ingolstadt by Jesuits whose aim was to make him a strict, rigidly Catholic ruler. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years’ War. Their opposition forced Ferdinand in 1630 to dismiss Wallenstein, the mainstay of his power. Who was Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor? He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French.Soon after Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine, Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor. The Swedish army was substantially weakened, and the fear that the Habsburg's power would become overwhelming caused France, led by Louis XIII of France and Cardinal Richelieu, to enter the war on the Protestant side. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. Tilly died in battle in 1632. 27.85 g. AU/UNC Mint luster. John: 19 October 1537 – 20 March 1538 Died in infancy. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (Father) Maria-Anna of Bavaria (Mother) Ferdinand was finally elected King of the Romans at the Diet of Regensburg on December 22, 1636. The key events during his reign were the contest with the Ottoman Empire, which in He avoided committing himself in a quarrel between his cousins, the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II and his brother Matthias, who eventually succeeded Rudolf as emperor. Ferdinand’s Roman Catholic contemporaries considered him a saintlike monarch; his Protestant opponents feared him as a tyrant. Abbildung des Keyserlichen Eingang zu Regensburg auff den Churfursten tag in Jaer 1622.jpg 3,673 × 3,090; 10.03 MB A period of minor operations followed, perhaps because of Wallenstein's ambiguous conduct, which ended with his assassination in 1634. Membership: Holy Roman Empire Association, Charter of the Holy Roman Empire Association, Heraldic Council of the Holy Roman Empire, Court of Nobility of the Holy Roman Empire, Council of the Holy Roman Empire Association, Free Imperial Cities of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial immediacy of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial Household of the Holy Roman Emperor, Powers and Titles of the Holy Roman Emperor, Order of the Ancient Nobility of the Four Emperors, Order of the Defeated Dragon - Ordo Draconum, Association of the Counts Arundell of Wardour, Jesus Christ - Jesus of Nazareth - Son of God, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Wittelsbach, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII of Luxemburg, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). About. Modern historians tend to view Ferdinand’s religious policy as determined by his time, to acknowledge his importance in molding Austria’s provinces into an integral whole, and to see in his imperial policy an attempt at creating a Roman Catholic German state, however inconsistently carried out. Francis II (German: Franz II. Nevertheless, the Flemish wished that Charles assume the royal title, and this was supported by his paternal grandfather the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and by Pope Leo X. Consequently, after Ferdinand II's funeral on 14 March 1516, Charles I was proclaimed King of … Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). Supported by the Catholic League and the Kings of Spain and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ferdinand decided to reclaim his possession in Bohemia and to quench the rebels. etc. Ferdinand II (9 Julie 1578 – 15 Februar 1637), a member o the Hoose o Habsburg, wis Haly Roman Emperor (1619–1637), Keeng o Bohemie (1617–1619, 1620–1637), an Keeng o … Ferdinand replied by firing the Bohemian general in 1630. ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806 and, as Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835. Ferdinand I was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564. However, in November 1632 the Catholics were defeated in the Battle of Lützen (1632), where Gustavus Adolphus was himself killed. An indecisive man, he depended much on the influence of his counselors and his Jesuit confessors. In 1619, however, the largely Protestant diet of Bohemia deposed him, electing Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate, as their king. Wallenstein was recalled, being able to muster an army in only a week, and expelled the Swedes from Bohemia. In 1596 he took over his hereditary lands and, after a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome, set about suppressing Protestantism by forcing the great majority of his subjects to adopt the Roman Catholic faith. Until then the war largely had been confined to Germany, but Swedish and, later on, French intervention turned it into a European conflict. His devout Catholicism and negative regard of Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, especially in Bohemia. After completing his studies in 1595, he acceded to his hereditary lands (where his older cousin, Archduke Maximilian III of Austria, had acted as regent between 1593 and 1595) and made a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome. On 8 November 1620 his troops, led by the Flemish general Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, smashed the rebels of Frederick V, who had been elected as rival King in 1619. Alsace - Ensisheim Kle. Ferdinand II, who had been married to his second wife, Eleonora Gonzaga of Mantua, since 1622, died in Vienna in 1637. In 1617, he was elected King of Bohemia by the Bohemian diet, in 1618, King of Hungary by the Hungarian estates, and in 1619, Holy Roman Emperor. But, when Rudolf II launched the same policy in Hungary shortly afterward, there was a revolt, and the rebels offered the Hungarian crown to Matthias in return for guarantees of toleration.…. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor: Mither: Maria Anna o Bavarie: Releegion: Roman Catholicism: Seegnatur: Ferdinand III (13 Julie 1608 – 2 Aprile 1657) wis Holy Roman Emperor frae 15 Februar 1637 till his daith, as well as King o Hungary an Croatie, King o Bohemie an Airchduke o Austrick.

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