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[241][242] It is in Mole Valley District and the council headquarters are to the east of the centre. Many were used as cellars for storing wine bottles,[100] but deeper workings followed seams of silver sand, which was used in glass making. [304][305], Meadowbank is a park on the north side of the Pipp Brook. From 1849, the coal required was delivered by train to Dorking West station and then transferred to the works by horse-drawn vehicle. [18], Following the Cretaceous, the sea covering the south of England began to retreat and the land was pushed higher. [8], The basic plan of the town centre has not changed since medieval times (and may be Anglo-Saxon in origin). [190][note 25] In 1902, a new pumping station was built on Station Road and, in 1919, the old one was converted to housing. "[336][337] The names of 264 people who died in the two conflicts (both military personnel and civilians) are recorded, including seven women. The town gasworks were built in 1834[188] by the Dorking Gas Light Company to supply gas for street lighting. [57][203] It was merged in 1948 with the adjacent County Hospital, which had evolved from the Union Workhouse and Poor Law Infirmary, to form Dorking General Hospital. They host the annual Dorking Ten road race starting from Brockham Green. Although many were young, single men aged 14–20, a few families also joined the group. [154][152] Although he was aged over 40 at the start of the war, the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams enlisted in the Royal Army Medical Corps, one unit of which was based in the town. [208], The Epsom-Horsham and Guildford-Reigate railway lines cross to the northeast of Dorking, but there is now no physical connection between the two. [79] The town is served by three railway stations. [27][28][29] A Bronze Age ring ditch containing two ceramic urns, was discovered in 2013 during the rebuilding of Waitrose supermarket. [295] In the 19th century, a funfair took place at the same time as the Ascension Day livestock fair in the town centre. [338] The memorial is protected by a Grade II listing. [161][162] Pippbrook House (the then offices of the Dorking UDC) became a mobilisation centre and housed an ARP post as well as the local branch of the Women's Voluntary Service. [102], By the start of the 19th century, increasing mechanisation of agriculture was leading to a local surplus of labour. From 1954, Meadowbank became the permanent home of Dorking Football Club until 2014. After gas production ceased in 1956, the site of the works became part of the Dorking Business Park on Station Road. [238], Strawberry Studios South was opened in 1976, in a former cinema in South Street, by Graham Gouldman and Eric Stewart of the band 10cc. [185][186][188], The Dorking Water Company (DWC) was formally established in 1869, following the passing of the Dorking Water Act 1869. The Dorking UDC intended to build housing on the rest of the farm (now Denbies Wine Estate), however their plans were interrupted by the outbreak of war and were ultimately prevented by the creation of the Metropolitan Green Belt. The banks of the Mole were fortified with anti-tank obstacles, pillboxes and gun emplacements and an anti-tank ditch was dug from west to east across Bradley Farm (now Denbies Wine Estate). [74] In contrast, the east-west Guildford-Reigate road remained the responsibility of the parishes through which it ran and only minimal improvements were made before the start of the 20th century. [122], The so-called Intermediate Church was constructed in 1835–1837. The villages to the south east of Dorking are in a third ward: Five councillors represent the town on Mole Valley District Council (the headquarters of which are in Dorking): Dorking does not have a Town Council, however stakeholder engagement in local decision making is conducted through a number of bodies, including the Dorking Town Forum. The statue of architect and master builder Thomas Cubitt was installed in 1995. [56][243] The fourth chapter of A Fool's Alphabet by novelist Sebastian Faulks, published in 1992, is set in the town. [note 18] The cost of the voyage from Portsmouth to Montreal for 61 recipients of poor relief was paid by private donations, however the emigrants also received an allowance for food and clothing from parish funds. Alternatively it may derive from the Brittonic words Dorce, a river name meaning "clear, bright stream", or duro, meaning a "fort", "walled town" or "gated place". The town itself was a Class "A" nodal point and from August 1940 the 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade (part of the VII Corps) was assigned to its defence. [288], The caves in South Street are thought to have been excavated in four distinct phases. Turnpikes south from Horsham to. This group is multilayered and includes the sandy Hythe Beds, the clayey Sandgate Beds and the quartz-rich Folkestone Beds. [9] Stane Street, the Roman road linking London to Chichester, was constructed during the first century AD[42] and is thought to have run through Dorking. A mail coach operated return journeys between Dorking and London six days per week and several stagecoaches used the route daily until the mid-19th century. [48][49][note 2] In the late Saxon period, the manor and parish were administered as part of the Wotton Hundred[50] and may have been part of a large royal estate centred on Leatherhead. In 1735, a pump was installed to lift water from a spring on the site of Archway Place, which was then distributed via wooden pipes made from bored tree trunks. Charles Barclay (a Southwark brewery owner) and the bankers Joseph Denison and Thomas Hope (none of whom had any previous connection with the area) purchased the estates at Bury Hill, Denbies and Deepdene respectively. [99], Caves and tunnels were also dug in the sandstone under several parts of the town. By the start of the 20th century, it was the grounds of large private house (also called "Meadowbank"). The dome was eroded away over the course of the Cenozoic, exposing the strata beneath and resulting in the escarpments of the Downs and the Greensand Ridge. The Fraser Gardens estate was named after, William Mullins, his wife Alice, daughter Priscilla and son Joseph lived at 58–61 West Street with their apprentice, Robert Carter. [11] On the death of the seventh Earl, John de Warenne, in 1347, the manor passed to his brother-in-law, Richard Fitzalan, the third Earl of Arundel. The LBH organised the first regular domestic refuse collection and, by mid-1888, had created a new sewerage system (including a treatment works at Pixham). The statue of Ralph Vaughan Williams was donated by Sir Adrian White and was unveiled in 2001. The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity is from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, and there are several Bronze Age bowl barrows in the local area. [200] In 2021, the fire authority for Dorking is Surrey County Council and the statutory fire service is Surrey Fire and Rescue Service. [113][114], Controversially,[115][116] in the late 1950s and 1960s, Dorking UDC constructed the Goodwyns estate on land compulsorily purchased from Howard Martineau, a major local benefactor to the town. The Dorking Group of Artists, established in 1947, exhibits locally twice a year, in Betchworth and at Denbies. [303] The land was to have been transferred to the UDC in July 1929, however Hope withheld the gift until 1934, in protest at the published route of the Dorking Bypass through the Deepdene estate. Over the subsequent 50 million years, other strata were deposited on top of the Lower Greensand, including Gault clay, Upper Greensand and the chalk of the North and South Downs. [324] The UDC's successor, MVDC, opened purpose-built offices in the grounds in 1984, which enabled the local public library to move into the space vacated. [64] In 2020, MVDC announced plans to develop Pippbrook House as a "community hub and start-up business centre". [317], The sculpture of two cyclists at the Pixham End roundabout was unveiled in July 2012, less than two weeks before the Olympic road race events were routed through Dorking. The High Street runs roughly east-west, parallel to the Pipp Brook and along the northern face of an outcrop of Lower Greensand. Views over Dorking may be enjoyed from "The Temple", which dates from the early 19th century. [67][note 7], The development of Guildford (18 km (11 mi) to the west) was stimulated by the construction of the Wey Navigation in the 1650s. Three former residents of Dorking have been awarded the Victoria Cross (VC): People who have lived in the town include: This article is about the market town in Surrey. [3], Dorking lies in central Surrey, approximately 34 km (21 mi) south of London and 17 km (11 mi) east of Guildford. [63] The sewerage system became the responsibility of the Thames Water Authority under the Water Act 1989. Since 1973, Dorking Methodists have held services at St Martin's. [142] The present United Reformed Church in West Street, designed by the architect William Hopperton, was built for the group by William Shearburn in 1834. [111][112] The sale of part of Bradley Farm (part of the Denbies estate) in the 1930s, enabled the building of Ashcombe, Keppel and Calvert Roads. The school was run by nuns of the Servite Order from 1887 to 1970, when it moved to its present site in Norfolk Road, which had been vacated by Powell Corderoy School. [note 19] Most appear to have settled in the Toronto area, but a few are recorded as living in Kingston, Ontario. [296] In 1897, to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk (who was lord of the manor of Dorking) gave Cotmandene to the Urban District Council (UDC) on the condition that it was "to remain a perpetual ornament and pleasure to the town". The initials 'R. Dorking Cemetery was opened in 1855 on farmland that had been purchased from the Deepdene estate. [121] In the late 14th century a clerestory and two side aisles were added to the nave. [69] In contrast, although several schemes were proposed to make the Mole navigable, none were enacted[70][71] and transport links to Dorking remained poor. [99][289], Several National Trust properties are close to Dorking, including Box Hill,[14] Leith Hill,[15] Polesden Lacey[16] and Ranmore Common. [226] St Paul's Primary School was founded in 1860. [61], Cricket matches were played on the heath during the 18th century and are recorded in Edward Beavan's 1777 poem Box Hill. [111], The first council housing was built in Dorking by the UDC in Nower Road in 1920 and similar developments took place in Marlborough and Beresford Roads later the same decade. Designed by the architect, Benjamin Ferrey, it was built of Bath stone in the Decorated Geometric style. The Art Deco Dorking Halls building, designed by the architect Percy W. Meredith for the Leith Hill Musical Festival (LHMF), was opened in 1931. [331] The cockerel is a frequent target of yarn bombing and can be seen dressed in hats, scarves and other items of clothing. The second pumphouse was replaced by a new works with boreholes on Beech Close in 1939. [108], Rose Hill, the first planned residential estate in Dorking, was developed by William Newland, a wealthy Guildford surgeon, who also had interests in the Wey and Arun Canal. In the 14th and 15th centuries, prominent local families (including the Sondes and the Goodwyns) were able to buy the leases on some of the lordship lands. was founded in 1999. [196] This force became part of the Surrey Constabulary on its creation in 1851. [9] The main streets (the High Street, West Street and South Street) meet at Pump Corner, forming a " Y " shape. [290], Cotmandene is a 4.78 ha (10-acre) area of common land to the east of the town centre (the name is thought to mean the heath of the poor cottages). [197] A combined police station and magistrates' court complex was opened at the east end of the High Street in 1894 and the police station relocated to Moores Road in 1938. [198], Deepdene was a country house to the west of Dorking. [56] In the mid-2010s, the garden was restored and was reopened to the public as the "Deepdene Trail". For tutoring please call 856.777.0840 I am a recently retired registered nurse who helps nursing students pass their NCLEX. P.' reference Resta Patching junior, the son of a prominent Dorking Quaker, who was responsible for the scheme. It appears to have replaced at some point during the 12th century (possibly by Isabel de Warenne) by a large cruciform building with a central tower. [10][11] Together, West Street and the High Street run approximately west-east, paralleling the Pipp Brook, a tributary of the Mole, which runs to the north of the centre. [307], The Nower is an area of open grassland, which rises above Dorking to the west of the town centre. ", "Dorking cockerel gets in Diamond Jubilee spirit", "Dorking Cockerel gets traffic cone on head – guerrilla knitters, not students, to blame", "Olympics cycling sculpture unveiled in Dorking", "Dorking arch pays tribute to 19th Century writer", "Beresford, Lord William Leslie de la Poer", "Halliday, Gen. Sir Lewis Stratford Tollemache", "Dorking: 26 Wathen Road and Laurence Olivier", "Former Scotland striker announces his retirement from football", "Ralph Vaughan Williams: The Lark Ascending", "Absolute Radio DJ Christian O'Connell's best on-air moments as he moves out of Dorking", Church of Our Lady and St Peter, Leatherhead, Church of St. Mary & St. Nicholas, Leatherhead, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dorking&oldid=1010790335, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Benjamin Disraeli wrote part of his political novel Coningsby while staying at Deepdene between 1841 and 1844. The library relocated to St Martin's Walk in the town centre in 2012. [263] Walker's contribution to motorsport and to Dorking was celebrated on the centenary of his birth in October 2018 with a parade of classic cars through the town centre. The English novelist George Meredith[315] and Victoria Cross recipient Charles Graham Robertson[316] are among those buried there. [note 16] In the medieval and early modern periods, the lime was used to fertilise local farm fields, but from the 18th century onwards (and especially after the construction of the turnpike to Epsom in 1755), it was transported to London for use in the construction industry. A 'cherry fair' was held in July in the 17th and 18th centuries,[95] and was revived in the 20th century at St Barnabas Church, Ranmore. [198] Purpose-built magistrates courts were opened adjacent to Pippbrook House in 1979[199] and closed in 2010. In 1580 both Earldoms passed through the female line to Phillip Howard, whose father, Thomas Howard, had forfeited the title of Duke of Norfolk and had been executed for his involvement in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Elizabeth I. [235][236], Each day features a different group (or division) of choirs, which compete against each other in the morning and then combine to give a concert in the evening. [202], Dorking Cottage Hospital, opened in 1871 in South Terrace, was the first hospital in the town. [61][note 4] In 1841, the Dorking Union constructed a new workhouse, south of the town centre, designed by William Shearburn. Bright, writing in 1884, claimed that Dorking produced "some of the best lime in England" and that it was used in the construction of, Although the Dorking programme was locally funded, practicalities were arranged under the. [325], The first building to be recorded on the site of the White Horse Hotel was granted to the Knights Templar by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, in around 1287. [77] Two years later a second station, now known as Dorking Deepdene, was opened on the same line. 🎉 ••• Tag them to make sure they apply…” [65], Over the course of the war, 77 high-explosive bombs and 60 incendiaries were dropped by the Luftwaffe, however only one incident (in October 1940) resulted in fatalities in the town. [219] The North Downs Way, between Farnham and Dover, passes approximately 1 km (0.62 mi) to the north of Dorking. [235][237], After the death of Vaughan Williams in 1958, the festival committee commissioned David McFall to design a bronze bas relief likeness of the composer: one cast was placed in St Martin's Church and another in the Dorking Halls. Firstly, three wells, the largest of which has the date 1672 inscribed on its wall, were sunk vertically from Butter Hill above. [146], Although England had become a predominantly Protestant country during the Reformation, the families of the Earls of Arundel and Dukes of Norfolk remained Catholic. [254][255] Dorking F.C. It rendered £18 per year in 1086. The town is surrounded on three sides by the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is close to Box Hill and Leith Hill. A local refugee committee (led by Vaughan Williams and the novelist E. M. Forster) was established to find accommodation for refugees fleeing Nazi persecution and also to support long-resident German and Czech nationals in applications to Home Office tribunals to remain at liberty in the UK. [153] Many local residents were recruited to the Surrey Yeomanry, which (until mid-1915) was stationed at Deepdene House and at the Public Halls in West Street. The team won nine Grands Prix and their drivers included Stirling Moss (1958–1961) and Graham Hill (1970). We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. [21] Running along the north bank of the Pipp Brook (with a width of around 200 m (200 yd)) is the outcrop of Gault, a blue-black shaly clay,[22] beyond which is a narrow band of Upper Greensand, a hard, grey mica-rich sandstone. [198] The brigade became full time in 1912 and, in 1971, it moved to a new fire station adjacent to the newly built ambulance station at North Holmwood. The Weald (the area covering modern-day south Surrey, south Kent, north Sussex and east Hampshire) was lifted by the same geological processes that created the Alps, resulting in an anticline which stretched across the English Channel to the Artois region of northern France. Like many towns in the south of England, Dorking was affected by civil unrest among its poorest residents. [63][57] The Local Government Act 1888 transferred many administrative responsibilities to the newly formed Surrey County Council and was followed by an 1894 Act that created the Dorking Urban District Council (UDC). Get the latest news and analysis in the stock market today, including national and world stock market news, business news, financial news and more [326] When the Templars were suppressed in 1308 by order of Pope Clement V, the property was confiscated and passed to the Knights of the Order of St John. [134][135][136][note 21] During the Civil War, the townsfolk supported the Parliamentarians, but although some of Oliver Cromwell's soldiers were billeted in Dorking, no fighting took place nearby. [200], The park was landscaped in the decade before World War II and included the Pippbrook Mill mill pond, which was given to the town in 1934. However, as the Middle Ages progressed, woodland to the south and west of the centre was cleared enabling farms owned by the Goodwyns, Stubbs and Sondes families to expand. [213] [225] The Pixham First School was founded in 1880 by Mary Mayo and was built to a design by Gilbert Redgrave. [47] In 1817, the so-called "Dorking Hoard" of around 700 silver pennies, dating from the mid-8th to the late-9th centuries, was found near the source of the Pipp Brook on the northern slopes of Leith Hill. In 1959 the Mowbray County Secondary Modern was opened on an adjacent site. Between 1850 and 1870, the National Freehold Land Society was responsible for housing developments in Arundel and Howard Roads, as well as around Tower Hill. A nightly patrol was established in Dorking in 1825 and in 1838 a small police force, initially with just three officers, was established under the Lighting and Watching Act 1833. [12] The first almshouses on the north side of Cotmandene was built in 1677[293] and were given endowments in 1718 and 1831. [92], Chalk and sand were quarried in Dorking until the early 20th century. [103], In 1911, the town was described in the Victoria County History as "almost entirely residential and agricultural, with some lime works on the chalk, though not so extensive as those in neighbouring parishes, a little brick-making, watermills (corn) at Pixham Mill, and timber and saw-mills. 🔐 Open source password manager with Nextcloud integration - nextcloud/passman The local economy thrived during Tudor times, but declined in the 17th century due to poor infrastructure and competition from neighbouring towns. A troop of soldiers from the Life Guards regiment was called in to restore order. At the base, a verse from 1 Samuel is inscribed: "They were a wall unto us both by night and by day. [83], In the late 1920s, improvements were made to the Dorking-Reigate road (now the A25), including the construction of Deepdene Bridge over the River Mole. [194] Under the Electricity (Supply) Act 1926, Dorking was connected to the National Grid, initially to a 33 kV supply ring, which linked the town to Croydon, Epsom, Leatherhead and Reigate. Route 93 from Dorking to Horsham via Goodwyns and Holmwood Park is run by Metrobus on behalf of Surrey County Council. [92] The free-draining Lower Greensand found in the Dorking area is particularly suited for rearing chickens and the local soils provide grit to assist the birds' digestive systems. [198][222] The school moved to its current location in Longfield Road in 1968. [312][313] An entrance lodge on Reigate Road was also provided. moved to the refurbished ground in 2018. The town is divided between two main wards. [251], Dorking F.C. [12][51], In around 1087, William II granted the manor of Dorking to Willam de Warenne, the first Earl of Surrey, whose descendants have held the lordship almost continuously until the present day. [24], Ammonite fossils are found in the north of the town, including Stoliczkia, Callihoplites, Acanthoceras and Euomphaloceras species in the Lower Chalk and Puzosia species in the Upper Greensand. A year later, in January 1916 at the age of 15 years 11 months, he was killed in action at Boezinge, near Ypres. [104] In 1831 it was noted that the town (population 4711) had one of the highest rates of poor relief in Surrey. The match began at 2pm outside the gates to St Martin's Church and lasted until 6pm. [206] As of 2020, there are GP practices on Reigate Road and South Street. [275][276] The vineyard also hosts the annual Run Bacchus marathon. Hong Kong is due to be returned to China in 1997, but its importance as a centre for international trade is likely to ensure the survival of English in … The Priory School was founded as the County Secondary Modern Mixed School in 1947. The vineyard, which covers some 107 ha (260 acres), was first planted in 1986 on the site of Bradley Farm, part of the Denbies estate. The upper level, a network of four caverns which intersects the wells, was dug in the late 17th or early 18th centuries. Houses in Cliftonville (named after its promoter, Joseph Clift, a local chemist) were also built around the same time. During World War II, the building was used by the Meat Marketing Board and the Army, and it was then sold to Dorking UDC. The first premises were in Falkland Grove adjacent to St Joseph's Church. [274], The weekly Mole Valley Parkrun has taken place at Denbies Wine Estate since March 2018. 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The settlement included one church, three mills worth 15s 4d, 16 ploughs, woodland and herbage for 88 hogs and 3 acres (1.2 ha) of meadow. [217], The Greensand Way, a 174 km (108 mi) long-distance footpath from Haslemere, Surrey to Hamstreet, Kent, passes through the south of Dorking.

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