information about greece

[89], The Greek Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople were considered by the Ottoman governments as the ruling authorities of the entire Orthodox Christian population of the Ottoman Empire, whether ethnically Greek or not. [85], While most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands was under Ottoman control by the end of the 15th century, Cyprus and Crete remained Venetian territory and did not fall to the Ottomans until 1571 and 1670 respectively. The Greek economy is classified as advanced[182][183][184][185][186] and high-income.[187][185]. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and comprises three Supreme Courts: the Court of Cassation (Άρειος Πάγος), the Council of State (Συμβούλιο της Επικρατείας) and the Court of Auditors (Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο). Roudometof, Victor; Robertson, Roland (2001). Along and beyond the Bulgarian border rise the Rodópi (Rhodope) Mountains, mainly composed of sharp-edged and sloping plateaus, reaching 7,260 feet (2,213 metres) at Mount Órvilos. It was at war with Greece … In the 19th century, many "crypto-Christians" returned to their old religious allegiance. One of the organizations formed in this intellectual milieu was the Filiki Eteria, a secret organization formed by merchants in Odessa in 1814. Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and beyond during Classical Antiquity, and would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire. [58] The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the younger wrote using Greek styles. This aspect of Greek stonework is described as polychrome. [311], The greatest cluster of non-EU immigrant population are the larger urban centers, especially the Municipality of Athens, with 132,000 immigrants comprising 17% of the local population, and then Thessaloniki, with 27,000 immigrants reaching 7% of the local population. [citation needed] In a 2013 report, the IMF admitted that it had underestimated the effects of so extensive tax hikes and budget cuts on the country's GDP and issued an informal apology. [287] Their community is nominally separate from the smaller Greek Byzantine Catholic Church, which recognises the primacy of the Pope but maintains the liturgy of the Byzantine Rite. [53], After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC. Resources include specfic information on: In 1914 the Asty Films Company was founded and the production of long films began. At Goway we believe that a well-informed traveller is a safer traveller. The Greeks, like the Jews and the Armenians, traditionally have been a people of diaspora, and several million people of Greek descent live in various parts of the world. [108] In this spirit, the national capital was moved from Nafplio, where it had been since 1829, to Athens, which was at the time a village. [110][111][112] In 1875 the concept of parliamentary majority as a requirement for the formation of a government was introduced by Charilaos Trikoupis,[113] curbing the power of the monarchy to appoint minority governments of its preference. The Greeks were one of the most advanced civilizations. [155] Parliamentary elections are held every four years, but the President of the Republic is obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier on the proposal of the Cabinet, in view of dealing with a national issue of exceptional importance. The Capodistrian University of Athens is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean. The 1950s and early 1960s are considered by many to be a "golden age" of Greek cinema. Several topographic regions surround the main mountainous core and are often penetrated by extensions of it. Athens is considered the birthplace of Western literature. The Greek Empire: simply uttering those words conjures up grandiose images of the ancient kingdom, with its unmistakable art and architecture. Rebetiko, initially a music associated with the lower classes, later (and especially after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey) reached greater general acceptance as the rough edges of its overt subcultural character were softened and polished, sometimes to the point of unrecognizability. The Greek Constitution recognises Eastern Orthodoxy as the 'prevailing' faith of the country, while guaranteeing freedom of religious belief for all. These dislocations created the sunken basins of the Ionian and Aegean seas as well as the jagged edges so typical of Greece’s landscape. After giving a compliment, Greeks might make a puff of breath through pursed lips, as if spitting. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. So there you have it: Greece — a country with surprises from both ancient and modern times. Attikí (ancient Greek: Attica), the area around the capital, is now home to about one-third of the country’s entire population. The earliest Greek civilizations thrived nearly 4,000 years ago. The remaining section of Olympia Odos, connecting Patras with Pyrgos, is under planning. [175] Additionally, Greek males between the ages of 18 and 60 who live in strategically sensitive areas may be required to serve part-time in the National Guard. There are, however, more public holidays celebrated in Greece than are announced by the Ministry of Labour each year as either obligatory or optional. Therefore, Byzantine music remained monophonic and without any form of instrumental accompaniment. A Greek legend has it that God distributed soil through a sieve and used the stones that remained to build Greece. The original objective of the center was the advancement of nuclear research and technology. [223][224] To secure the funding, Greece was required to adopt harsh austerity measures to bring its deficit under control. [155] The current Constitution was drawn up and adopted by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975 after the fall of the military junta of 1967–1974. Cacoyannis also directed Zorba the Greek with Anthony Quinn which received Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Film nominations. The events in the north spurred the Greeks of the Peloponnese into action and on 17 March 1821 the Maniots declared war on the Ottomans. Through the intervention of the Great Powers, however, Greece lost only a little territory along the border to Turkey, while Crete was established as an autonomous state under Prince George of Greece. A French expeditionary force was dispatched to supervise the evacuation of the Egyptian army from the Peloponnese, while the Greeks proceeded to the captured part of Central Greece by 1828. The Greek men's national volleyball team has won two bronze medals, one in the European Volleyball Championship and another one in the Men's European Volleyball League, a 5th place in the Olympic Games and a 6th place in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. [258] Greece welcomed over 28 million visitors in 2016,[259] which is an increase from the 26.5 million tourists it welcomed in 2015 and the 19.5 million in 2009,[260] and the 17.7 million tourists in 2007,[261] making Greece one of the most visited countries in Europe in the recent years. Some notable representatives were Adamantios Korais, Rigas Feraios and Theophilos Kairis. PASOK and New Democracy largely alternated in power until the outbreak of the government-debt crisis in 2009. Northeastern Greece: Makedonía and Thráki, Greece - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Greece - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Explore the historical landmarks of the city of Athens, Greece, Researcher’s Note: Macedonia: the provenance of the name. [155] Statutes passed by the Parliament are promulgated by the President of the Republic. Notable Greek scientists of modern times include Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap test), mathematician Constantin Carathéodory (known for the Carathéodory theorems and Carathéodory conjecture), astronomer E. M. Antoniadi, archaeologists Ioannis Svoronos, Valerios Stais, Spyridon Marinatos, Manolis Andronikos (discovered the tomb of Philip II of Macedon in Vergina), Indologist Dimitrios Galanos, botanist Theodoros G. Orphanides, such as Michael Dertouzos, Nicholas Negroponte, John Argyris, John Iliopoulos (2007 Dirac Prize for his contributions on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles), Joseph Sifakis (2007 Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize" of Computer Science), Christos Papadimitriou (2002 Knuth Prize, 2012 Gödel Prize), Mihalis Yannakakis (2005 Knuth Prize) and physicist Dimitri Nanopoulos. Periods Historians often divide up the history of Ancient Greece into three periods: Archaic Period - This period ran from the start of Greek civilization in 800 BC to the introduction of Democracy in 508 BC.

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