mauritius cynomolgus macaques

To develop a novel small simian model for the study of novel therapeutic approaches of CHB, we extensively searched for the presence of natural HBV infection in NHPs currently used for biomedical research, especially among macaques (Cercopithecidae) of various geographical origin. Moreover, the complete genome M. Fascicularis HBV sequence was 98%‐99% identical to previously published human HBV sequences (Fig. Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) are known as the long-tailed or crab-eating macaques.The species is described as having gray to red-brown fur, lighter underparts, a pointed crest to the crown of the head, females with a beard, and males with cheek whiskers (Rowe, 1996) (Fig. Learn about our remote access options, INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France, Ecole pratique des hautes études, Paris, France. Cynomolgus macaques are useful experimental animals that are physiologically and genetically close to humans. 4). We now provide a temporal reference to further test this hypothesis about the evolution of HBV in its natural small primate host. They are also found as far afield as Hong Kong, Palau and the medical labs. Barbary macaques : threatened and unique. Dispensing with any rarity problem, our ethics are being challenged here. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. This evaluation provides a comprehensive assessment of several of these parameters in a single study. Viremia subsequently could be performed for 6 HBV DNA–positive macaques, and after an 8‐month period, all 6 animals maintained viral DNA levels between 101 and 103, peaking at 106 HBV DNA copies/mL for 1 animal (Fig. Animals were used under supervision of veterinarians in charge of the animal facility, and the protocols employed were reviewed and approved by the ethical animal committee of the CEA. Among these 21 HBV DNA‐positive M. fascicularis, 4 were also HBsAg positive in serum using a commercially available HBsAg test. Thus, databases indicated that this proline residue within preS1 is strongly conserved among all HBV genotypes, and only a few sequences with this mutation were found in published HBV sequences. Primers for PCR amplification were selected from sequences overlapping the core and surface genes that are highly conserved among all human HBV genotypes and NHP HBV‐like viruses.20. To explore the infectivity of HBV from Mauritius M. fascicularis, we inoculated 3 M. sylvanus with serum pool (103 particles/mL) from an HBV DNA–positive M.fascicularis. Serum viral DNA, HBsAg, and ALT levels were followed for 9 months. Whole HBV genome‐sequencing data revealed that it was genotype D subtype ayw3 carrying substitution in position 67 of preS1. In the present study, we characterized a novel CMV strain, isolated from a Mauritian cynomolgus macaque, and compared its sequence to that of three other CMV strains, including that of CyCMV Ottawa [], and two strains from rhesus macaques: RhCMV 68–1 [] and RhCMV 180.92 [].Our analyses indicate that the … Sera were collected during routine veterinary procedures and stored at −70°C until they were tested for HBV markers. Cynomolgus macaques are native to Southeast Asia, but a group of the monkeys has lived in isolation on the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius for … PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Cynomolgus macaques were introduced to the island of Mauritius by Portuguese explorers between 300 and 500 years ago (Sussman and Tattersall 1986). They are trapped in large cages baited with sugar cane and bananas near to their forest home. Mauritius adult cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), 4‐5 years old with body weight >5 kg, were first quarantined and maintained in international accredited breeding facilities in Mauritius Island and were imported from Mauritius and housed at the Centre d'Energie Atomique (CEA; Fontenay‐aux‐Roses, France). The occurrence of HBV zoonosis still remains poorly documented. Expression of intracellular HBV antigens investigated by immunofluorescence (IF) on frozen liver sections showed an expression of HBV core and surface antigens in approximately 20%‐30% of hepatocytes (data not shown). Importantly, phylogenetic analysis of a complete viral genome showed that it was HBV genotype D and, more specifically, subgenotype D3, serotype ayw3. The problem uncovered by BUAV is the distress these animals suffer in transit, when captured and also their fate (as wild monkeys). How to abbreviate Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques? In addition, HBsAg and HBcAg was investigated by immunostaining in liver tissue of 9 HBV DNA–positive Mauritius macaques and showed, for all these animals, 20%‐30% of strongly stained hepatocytes (Fig. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. It is also our own indulgences. of the developed world. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this complete genome clustered with human HBV subgenotype D3 (Fig. Conservation begins in our minds, but demands much more than that. Learn more. Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Recently, the article by Yan et al.34 described a receptor for HBV in humans. The importance of a broad CD8 T lymphocyte (CD8-TL) immune response to HIV is unknown. (Michael Gumert) In response, the macaque on the left reaffirms his peaceful intent with a bared teeth display. Strong liver expression of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen was detected in approximately 20%‐30% of hepatocytes. Conclusion: This report on natural, persisting HBV infection among cynomolgus macaques provides the first evidence for the existence of a novel, small simian model of chronic HBV infection, immunologically close to humans, that should be most valuable for the study of immunotherapeutic approaches against chronic hepatitis B. than from tourists, if this trade is to be altered to a more benign transition from the wild to captivity. Mauritius adult cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), 4‐5 years old with body weight >5 kg, were first quarantined and maintained in international accredited breeding facilities in Mauritius Island and were imported from Mauritius and housed at the Centre d'Energie Atomique (CEA; Fontenay‐aux‐Roses, France). Justin Greene. Previous epidemiological studies have reported a high prevalence of HBV infections in great apes that was comparable to human populations in Gabon and Congo.19 However, the presence of natural HBV infection among small monkeys has hitherto never been demonstrated. ... macaques to Mauritius Island by ship as companion animals and then the macaques bred after escaping [7]. Therefore, Mauritian macaques typically contain only (Michael Gumert) Components of the affiliative expression. In the latter case, the Mauritian macaque population is the result of the introduction of ~20 cynomolgus macaques to the island of Mauritius in the 16 th century, which expanded to the current population of ~50,000 animals (Osada et al., 2015 We investigated the natural HBV infection in sera samples from two macaque species, the M. sylvanus and M. fascicularis, belonging to the Cercopithecidae family. We use the tiger (this is a prime Siberian example) to show up our failure to conserve wild species, but while we monopolise all the food that animals require, we could remember that it is not only their conservation we urgently need to cover. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. They could even end up in commercial aquarium shows, but they certainly rarely make it back to the sea. (2007) 81:349–61. Asian M. fascicularis macaques were housed at The California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis (UCD; Davis, CA). 9).The length of the nonprehensile tail is equal to the head and body length or longer (Napier and Napier, 1967). Moreover, our screening evaluation performed on 120 animals demonstrates, for the first time, that a high proportion of wild‐living M. fascicularis in Mauritius Island is naturally infected with HBV. Two hundred and sixty serum samples from macaques were tested for HBV DNA by PCR (Table 1). Because we were not able to infect primary Mauritius macaques hepatocytes with human HBV, but only with the HBV Mauritian isolate (data not shown), we may suppose that minor changes in the pre‐S1 domain of the Mauritian HBV may have possibly been adapted to the Mauritian cynomolgus NCTP receptor. In the phylogenetic tree, these isolates segregated into one clade, sharing similarity with human HBV genotype D isolates from Europe and the United States. Nucleic acids were extracted from 10 mg of liver tissue with the MasterPure Complete DNA and RNA Purification Kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) or by a procedure described in detail by Jilbert et al.22. Myocardial degeneration with karyomegaly is an idiopathic focal myofibre degeneration or cardiomyopathy (Vidal et al 2010, Zabka et al 2009) that has been described in cynomolgus macaques from various sources and origins.Even though it has occurred at a low frequency, high incidences have been recorded in the few studies in which it has occurred (Chamanza et al 2010). Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a novel primate model for CHB infection studies that should be immunologically very close to humans, regarding innate and cellular responses, and that will permit accurate evaluation of new immunotherapeutic anti‐HBV approaches. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. 6A‐D). Despite the existence of an effective vaccine, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem, responsible for 55% of hepatocellular carcinomas worldwide. A permit (FR0803100893‐I) was obtained from CITES to import the adult M. fascicularis from Mauritius to France. After inoculation, animals were bled weekly to test for HBV surface antigens (HBsAgs), anti‐HBc (hepatitis B core) antibodies (Abs), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase levels. 27. Then: Top 10 Business Ideas in the Renewable Energy Sector, We cannot push population growth under the carpet. Of the 120 Asian M. fascicularis sera and 20 Moroccan M. sylvanus sera, all were HBV negative. Their clustering in specific groups suggests that they could represent indigenous virus populations.17 However, the origin of these hepatitis B–like viruses remains controversial. 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